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With the rapid development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, the scale of 10 kV photovoltaic power stations is increasing day by day, and the requirements for high-voltage distribution equipment are becoming more and more stringent. As the core equipment of the high-voltage power distribution system, the adaptability, stability, and safety of the prefabricated switchgear directly determine the efficient and reliable operation of the photovoltaic power station.
This article will focus on the core technical requirements of the 10kV photovoltaic power station high-voltage cabinet, and deeply analyze the technical solution and product layout of the Chuanli photovoltaic cabinet. This paper elaborates on the grounding points of the prefabricated switchgear for 10 kV photovoltaic distribution, and verifies the application value of the prefabricated switchgear in the photovoltaic power station distribution system through practical cases, providing a reference for the selection and application of 10 kV high-voltage distribution equipment in photovoltaic power stations.
The 10kV photovoltaic power station has special conditions such as outdoor/indoor mixed installation, fluctuating power generation load, and high requirements for environmental adaptability, which put forward multidimensional core technical requirements for the high-voltage cabinet of the photovoltaic power plant. The specific requirements are mainly reflected in five aspects: insulation performance, protection against misoperation, load adaptability, modular design, and environmental adaptability.
| Technical Specifications | Requirements | Significance for Photovoltaic Power Stations |
| Insulation Performance | 1-minute power frequency withstand voltage ≥125kV (phase-to-phase)，lightning impulse withstand voltage ≥60kV (peak value) | Prevents insulation breakdown caused by voltage fluctuations during photovoltaic power generation. |
| Anti-misoperation protection | It possesses four core anti-misoperation functions out of the five protections (preventing the movement of the trolley under load, preventing the grounding switch from closing the circuit breaker, etc.) | It avoids human error and ensures the safety of power plant operation and maintenance. |
| Load adaptability | Rated short-circuit breaking current ≥20kA, rated current selectable from 630~3150A | Adaptable to load fluctuations caused by changes in light intensity, meeting the power generation needs of photovoltaic power plants of different scales. |
| Modular design | Prefabricated assembly, rapid disassembly and assembly, and standardized interfaces | Enables flexible construction of photovoltaic power plants, shortening the installation and commissioning cycle. |
| Environmental adaptability | Operating temperature: -15℃ to +40℃; Protection rating: ≥IP4X | Suitable for the complex outdoor environment of photovoltaic power plants, improving equipment reliability. |
In response to the high-voltage distribution requirements of 10kV photovoltaic power plants, Chuanli has built a complete photovoltaic cabinet product system with modular switch cabinets as the core, focusing on the development and optimization of prefabricated switch cabinets, and forming a number of targeted technical solutions. The core products include KYN28A -12 series and KYN28- 24 armored removable switchgear, which fully meet the technical requirements of 10kV photovoltaic distribution through structural optimization, component upgrade, and photovoltaic customized design.
The KYN28A12 series prefabricated switchgear is a customized product for 10kV photovoltaic distribution scenarios. The product adopts an armored removable structure design, equipped with high-performance VS1, VN2 series medium and high-voltage AC vacuum circuit breakers, which have the characteristics of strong opening ability and reliable arc extinction, and can effectively adapt to the load fluctuation problem in the photovoltaic power generation process. The product busbar adopts double protection of heat shrink insulating material and epoxy-coated insulation, optimizes the electrode shape, and the insulation performance fully meets the requirements of 10kV photovoltaic power station indicators, effectively preventing insulation breakdown. At the same time, the product design has a perfect four-level anti-mistake operation protection system, which fundamentally avoids the safety risks brought by human mistake operation in photovoltaic power station operation and maintenance.
As an upgraded product of the KYN28 series, it has a higher performance configuration and stronger environmental adaptability, and can be flexibly applied to the high-voltage distribution system of large-scale 10kV photovoltaic power plants.
The switch cabinet adopts compact cabinet structure design, which effectively saves the installation space of photovoltaic power station and reduces the land cost; The secondary circuit is equipped with advanced and reliable control and protection elements, which can seamlessly connect with the intelligent management system of the photovoltaic power station, support remote monitoring and fault alarm functions, and realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of the power distribution system. At the same time, the product has strong anti-electromagnetic interference performance, the amplitude of electromagnetic interference of the secondary system is not more than 1.6kV, and it can be adapted to the complex electromagnetic environment of a photovoltaic power station.
Modular switchgear is the core design concept of all photovoltaic cabinets of Chuanli, and its advantages are fully reflected in the adaptability of 10kV photovoltaic distribution, mainly including the following four aspects:
Prefabricated assembly: All components are prefabricated and assembled in the factory, with standardized production and strict quality inspection, which can be directly installed and tested on site, greatly shortening the construction period of the photovoltaic power station distribution system.
Flexible configuration: According to the actual power generation scale and distribution requirements of the photovoltaic power station, the internal components and cabinet specifications can be flexibly configured to realize the personalized customization of the distribution system.
Maintenance is convenient: The modular structure design makes the equipment easy to disassemble and reassemble. When a fault occurs, the faulty module can be quickly replaced without affecting the operation of the entire power distribution system, thereby improving maintenance efficiency.
Scalability: With the expansion of the scale of photovoltaic power plants, modular switch cabinets can be directly expanded and upgraded. The interface is standardized, and there is no need to re-modify the original distribution system, which reduces the cost of expansion.
In order to make the prefabricated switchgear more suitable for the 10kV photovoltaic distribution scene, Chuanli carried out a number of targeted photovoltaic customized designs on the basis of the original high-voltage switchgear products, forming a professional photovoltaic adaptable switchgear. The main customized content is as follows:
Optimization of heat dissipation structure: In view of the heat generation problem during high-power operation of photovoltaic power generation equipment, optimize the heat dissipation structure of the cabinet, and adopt a combination of natural ventilation and forced heat dissipation to ensure the stable operation of the equipment in a high-temperature environment.
Enhanced anti-corrosion performance: In response to the outdoor installation environment of photovoltaic power stations, the cabinet body is treated with special anti-corrosion coatings to enhance the anti-corrosion and anti-salt fog performance, and is suitable for complex outdoor environmental conditions.
Photovoltaic equipment interface matching: Standardize and optimize product interfaces to achieve seamless connection with core equipment such as photovoltaic inverters and busbars, and reduce connection failure rates.
Intelligent monitoring function upgrade: Add a special data acquisition module for photovoltaic power generation, which can collect the operating parameters of the power distribution system in real time and transmit them to the power station intelligent management system, so as to realize the real-time monitoring and fault warning of the power distribution system.
Grounding is the key link to ensure the safe operation of prefabricated switchgear in the 10kV photovoltaic distribution system. An unreasonable grounding design will lead to equipment insulation damage, personal electric shock, and other safety accidents, and even affect the normal power generation of the photovoltaic power station. Combining the characteristics of 10kV photovoltaic distribution with the structural design of its own prefabricated switchgear, Chuanli has formulated a set of strict grounding construction points, mainly reflected in the four aspects of grounding type, grounding resistance, grounding conductor selection, and grounding construction technology.
| Grounding Connection | Core Requirements | Implementation Standards |
| Grounding Type | A combination of protective grounding and functional grounding is adopted. | Protective grounding connects to the cabinet and metal components, while functional grounding connects to the secondary circuit and control system. |
| Grounding Resistance | The grounding resistance of the power distribution system is ≤4Ω. | Test the grounding resistance after grounding construction is completed, and retest it periodically during operation and maintenance. |
| Grounding Conductor Selection | Copper conductors with a cross-sectional area ≥ 50mm² are selected and tin-plated. | Ensure the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the grounding conductor to prevent oxidation and poor contact. |
| Grounding Construction Process | The grounding conductor is connected to the cabinet by welding or bolts with anti-loosening devices, and the connection points are coated with anti-rust paint. | This ensures a secure and reliable grounding connection, preventing grounding faults caused by loose connections. |
| Grounding Grid Layout | The grounding grid is laid out in a mesh pattern, and the prefabricated switchgear is connected to the overall grounding grid of the photovoltaic power station. | This achieves a uniform distribution of grounding current, preventing localized potential rises caused by uneven current distribution. |
In order to verify the adaptability and application value of Chuanli prefabricated switchgear in 10 kV photovoltaic distribution, in 2024, a 50 MW 10 kV ground photovoltaic power station in North China used Chuanli KYN28A -12 series and KYN28- 24 armored removable switchgear as the core high-voltage distribution equipment, and the application effect was remarkable.
| Project Indicators | Specific Content | Application Effect |
| Project Scale | 50MW 10kV Ground-Mounted Photovoltaic Power Station | The power distribution system operates stably, and the power generation efficiency meets design standards. |
| Selected Products | 30 units of Chuanli KYN28A-12 series prefabricated switchgear and 15 units of KYN28-24 armored withdrawable switchgear. | The product boasts stable performance and has not experienced any equipment failures since its commissioning. |
| Construction Cycle | The power distribution system installation and commissioning were completed in 15 days. | The construction cycle is shortened by 50% compared to traditional power distribution equipment, significantly reducing the overall power station construction cycle. |
| Operation and Maintenance | Remote monitoring is achieved through an intelligent management system, requiring only 2 maintenance personnel for daily operations. | A high level of intelligence reduces operation and maintenance costs by 60% compared to traditional equipment, while improving efficiency. |
| Environmental Adaptability | The power station is located in North China, where there are large temperature differences between winter and summer and frequent sandstorms. | The equipment operates normally under various environmental conditions, demonstrating excellent protective performance. |
| Economic Benefits | The compact product structure reduces the floor space required for the power distribution system by 30%. | Construction costs for the power distribution system are reduced by approximately 20%, saving on long-term operation and maintenance expenses. |
With the continuous development of the photovoltaic power generation industry, the high-voltage distribution demand of 10 kV photovoltaic power stations is developing towards high-performance, intelligent, modular, and environmentally adaptable. As the core equipment of a photovoltaic high-voltage distribution system, the product performance and customization level of prefabricated switchgear directly determine the operation efficiency and safety of a photovoltaic power station.
In the future, with the continuous innovation of photovoltaic power generation technology and the continuous improvement of distribution demand, Chuanli will continue to focus on the development and optimization of photovoltaic cabinet products, further upgrade product performance and intelligent level, and launch more personalized and customized photovoltaic distribution solutions to contribute more to the high-quality development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.
Q1: Can the prefabricated switchgear from Chuanli be directly used in outdoor 10kV photovoltaic power plants?
A1: Yes.Special anti-corrosion coating treatment, protection level ≥IP4X, suitable for outdoor complex environments.
Q2: What products from Chuanli are suitable for large 10kV photovoltaic power plants?
A2: KYN28-25 armored removable switch cabinet, higher performance and stronger expansibility.
Q3: How long does it take to install a modular switch cabinet from Chuanli?
A3: The factory prefabrication and on-site installation and commissioning of the 50MW project can be completed in 15 days.
Q4: What is the grounding resistance requirement for the solar switch cabinet?
A4: The grounding resistance of the distribution system is ≤4Ω.
Q5: Can the Chuanli switch cabinet be customized according to the scale of the photovoltaic power station?
A5: Yes, it supports flexible configuration and photovoltaic-specific customization to meet different needs.
